高胆固醇

The body naturally produces all the cholesterol it needs to help with various functions. 然而, 因为胆固醇也存在于普通食物中, 其他因素可能会提高总水平, 许多人体内的胆固醇含量过高. 在卑尔根医学协会 以病人为中心的医疗之家 在新泽西北部，是委员会认证的 从业人员 诊断和治疗高胆固醇和其他疾病.

什么是胆固醇?

胆固醇存在于身体的每个细胞中，是一种类似脂肪的蜡状物质. It plays a role in creating hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid with digestion. 当血液中胆固醇含量过高时, 它可以与其他物质结合形成斑块, 哪些粘在动脉壁上. 动脉粥样硬化, 斑块的形成, 会导致冠状动脉疾病吗, 是什么导致动脉狭窄或堵塞.

什么问题与高胆固醇有关?

高胆固醇水平会导致各种健康问题. 例如, 如果病人的动脉中有大量斑块沉积, 会发生破裂, 导致血栓在斑块表面形成. Large blood clots are extremely dangerous, as they can block blood flow in coronary arteries. 如果心脏没有得到足够的富氧血液, 可能会出现心绞痛(胸痛)或心脏病发作.

不过，斑块不仅影响心脏. 它也会积聚在全身的其他动脉中, including those responsible for supplying the limbs and brain with oxygen-rich blood. In these cases, 中风, peripheral arterial disease, and carotid artery disease may develop.

什么是HDL、LDL和VLDL?

脂蛋白是脂质(脂肪)和蛋白质的结合体. 换句话说, the lipids must be attached to the proteins so they can travel throughout the bloodstream. 脂蛋白主要有三种类型，包括:

• 高密度脂蛋白(HDL): 也被称为好胆固醇, 高密度脂蛋白将胆固醇从全身运送到肝脏, 哪个将它排出系统.
• 低密度脂蛋白(LDL): Also known as bad cholesterol, high levels of LDL lead to plaque buildup in the arteries. 低密度脂蛋白携带胆固醇到全身.
• 超低密度脂蛋白(VLDL): This is another type of bad cholesterol, as too much VLDL leads to plaque buildup in the arteries. VLDL携带甘油三酯，一种血液中的脂肪，遍布全身.

高胆固醇的原因和危险因素是什么?

An unhealthy lifestyle is the leading cause of high cholesterol, followed by genetics. Certain medical conditions and medications also can increase cholesterol levels. 与初级保健医生讨论个人风险是很重要的, 但一般来说, 高胆固醇的主要危险因素包括:

• 饮食和营养不良: Eating foods rich in bad fats, such as saturated and trans fats, can raise LDL cholesterol levels. These may include dairy products, deep-fried foods, processed foods, chocolate, and baked goods.
• 很少或不运动: 不经常锻炼的人患高胆固醇的风险增加.
• 久坐不动的生活方式: 久坐会提高高胆固醇水平.
• 吸烟: Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol and raises LDL cholesterol, especially in women.
• 年龄: 风险随着年龄的增长而增加，尽管任何年龄的人都可能有高胆固醇.
• 遗传: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a form of high cholesterol that is inherited.
• 重量: 那些超重或肥胖的人风险更高.
• 种族: 黑人的低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白水平往往高于白种人. 其他种族也可能面临更高的风险.

什么是高胆固醇的征兆?

没有明显的高胆固醇症状. The condition often can go undiagnosed until the medical complications become severe, 这使得病人必须定期检查胆固醇. 然而, 有一些迹象是内科医生可以识别的, 这可能与高胆固醇有关:

• 胸痛、胸闷或左侧有压迫感
• 头晕
• 小腿痛
• 口齿不清
• 不稳定的步态

If these signs are noticed, immediate medical attention is highly recommended. 它们可能是高胆固醇或中风等严重后果的征兆, 心脏病, 或动脉粥样硬化.

如何诊断高胆固醇?

Routine blood tests measure cholesterol levels, including HDL, LDL, and VLDL counts. Patients should receive these diagnostic tests on a frequency based on individual risk. 高胆固醇筛查的一般建议包括:

19岁及以下

• For children at normal risk, the first cholesterol test should take place between ages nine and 11.
• 对于风险较高的儿童(例如.e., family history of high cholesterol, 中风, or heart attack), testing should start at age two.
• Regardless of the age when testing starts, cholesterol screenings should occur every five years.

20岁及以上

• 从儿童时期开始的检测应每五年进行一次.
• For men, screenings should occur every one to two years if between ages 45 and 65.
• For women, screenings should occur every one to two years if between ages 55 and 65.

高胆固醇有哪些治疗选择?

十大最大的网络彩票平台 formulates personalized treatment plans for patients with high cholesterol, 考虑他们独特的风险因素, 验血结果, 考虑到整体健康. 治疗高胆固醇的主要方法包括:

改变有益心脏健康的生活方式

保持健康的体重, 定期进行体育锻炼, 吃得有营养, 低胆固醇食物可以改善这种状况. Patients may be encouraged to meet with a dietician or nutritionist to help them implement an optimal meal plan, 以及一个私人教练来安全地开始锻炼养生.

药物治疗

对一些人来说，改变生活方式可能不足以降低他们的胆固醇. 有几种药物可用于治疗高胆固醇, and internists will prescribe the best option for each patient depending on personal risk factors. 药物的种类包括:

• Bile-acid-binding树脂: Cholesterol is needed by the liver to produce bile acids, which are required for digestion. 这些药物与胆汁酸结合, 迫使肝脏使用多余的胆固醇来产生更多的胆汁酸.
• 胆固醇吸收抑制剂: Because the small intestine absorbs cholesterol from food and releases it into the bloodstream, 这种药限制饮食中胆固醇的吸收.
• PCSK9抑制剂: 这种选择有助于肝脏吸收更多的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, 从而减少血液中有害胆固醇的含量.
• 他汀类药物: 这些药物阻断肝脏产生胆固醇所需的物质.

Patients with high triglycerides may be prescribed different medications, such as:

• 一类: 肝脏中VLDL胆固醇的产生减少.
• Omega-3脂肪酸补充剂: These can help lower triglycerides and can be prescribed or purchased over the counter. A physician should determine whether it’s safe for a patient to take these supplements, 因为它们与其他药物一起服用时可能会引起不良反应.

脂蛋白Apheresis

此程序可用于FH病例. 过滤机用来去除血液中的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, 然后把血液放回血液循环系统.

十大彩票网赌平台高胆固醇的常见问题

胆固醇可能很难理解, but 十大最大的网络彩票平台 is committed to providing education to patients about the conditions they are experiencing. 以下是一些常见问题:

高胆固醇会危及生命吗??

未经治疗的高胆固醇会导致几种危及生命的疾病, 包括心脏病发作, 周围血管疾病, 中风, 高血压, 还有肾脏疾病. 这是因为坏胆固醇会导致斑块的形成, 是什么阻塞了动脉，阻碍了血液正常流动.

哪些食物可以帮助降低高胆固醇风险?

优先食用低胆固醇食物，包括:

• 苹果
• 大麦
• 茄子
• 富含脂肪的鱼类
• 纤维补充剂
• 葡萄
• 坚果
• 燕麦
• 秋葵
• 大豆
• 草莓
• 固醇和固醇
• 植物油
• 全谷物

降低胆固醇需要多长时间?

在实施更健康的饮食和更多的锻炼之后, 它可能需要三到六个月的时间才能看到预期的效果. This timeline will vary greatly by patient depending on individualized risk factors and whether high cholesterol medications are required.

高胆固醇可以预防吗?

For those with genetic risk factors, high cholesterol is not completely preventable. 然而, those at average risk can keep their cholesterol levels in balance by practicing healthy lifestyle choices, 从而降低中风和心脏病等并发症的风险.

与十大最大的网络彩票平台一起对抗高胆固醇

如果胆固醇是一个问题, turn to the physicians at 十大最大的网络彩票平台 who have a wide range of 十大最大的网络彩票平台 拥有十大最大的网络彩票平台知识和成功经验. Patients across northern New Jersey can rely on state-of-the-art care for high cholesterol and many other medical conditions. 要了解更多十大彩票网赌平台高胆固醇治疗或预约的信息， 联系 卑尔根医学协会的一员 位置今天的年代.